Literature Review On Start Stop System - 2172 Words

Literature review on start-stop system Zheng Tang z3430636 Ke Qiu z3446155 Shihao Liu z3439121 MECH9761- AUTOMOBILE ENGINE TECHNOLOGY The University of New South Wales Abstract As the increasing oil price due to the limited petroleum resource on earth, more and more automobile manufacturers focus on fuel-saving rather than engine performance. The approaches applied by most of manufacturers include adding turbo to downsize the engine, weight reduction and improving aerodynamics. Since early 1970s, Toyota first developed and tested the technology called Start-stop which would switch off the engine after sitting stationary for 1.5 seconds. After years of development, engine start-stop technology has been applied by almost all the†¦show more content†¦Traffic noise is the most extensive cause of environmental health problems in the world. Especially in urban environment, the number of people exposed to road noise is at least 5 times greater than all other sources (railways, airports, and industry) [4]. With the increasing number of vehicles equipped with S/S system. It is essential to evaluate the influence on noise emission exerted by S/S system It is also worth mentioning that the combined use of S/S system with some other complimentary designs such as lightweight body could result in tribology issue inside the combustion chamber [5]. Automatic start and stop system wears down the engine, it is possible to cause great extent carbon deposit because of frequent start-stop. Lubricating effect is reduced considering the reflux left after parking; the engine will leave suitable temperature zone, resulting in poor engine operation; in addition, the boot process since the acceleration is large, have a strong impact on automotive components. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Technological development on 12V battery for advanced start-stop vehicles As the core part of start-stop system, battery is required to provide high power, endure shallow cycling and exhibit long cycle life. Lead acid batteries are widely used today considering its low initial cost. However frequent high discharge canShow MoreRelatedImproving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of the School Bus Routing Problem1097 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION The Oxford dictionary (2014) defines a route as a path for getting to a certain destination from a start off point. The world is a global market and the journey of continuous expansion is on the rise. The demand for goods and services span from within immediate environments but also transcend cities, borders and continents. 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ItRead MoreBlack Panthers Platform: Takin it to the Streets Essay example1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe theme of this book is to fight for what brings justice and equality to the people so that they could have the opportunity to be treated fairly. The civil rights movement requests are stated in the â€Å"Black Panther Platform†. The theme of the literature was to clearly state what was requested by them and there people. The Black Panthers wanted the opportunity to determine the destiny of themselves which they believed shall make them free. The Black Panthers Platform was created to clearly stateRead MoreRacism And Racial Bias / Index797 Words   |  4 Pagesand other people say it is time for Americans to update their language on racism. What racism has become not on what it used to be. It can start by reflecting on the three phrases that often pop up when whites and racial minorities discuss racism. The first phrase is â€Å"I don’t see color.† It a phrase used when a conversation turn into a race issue. Let legal system be able to handle a decision without race, you should just be colorblind. This would not work because people notice not only race, but genderRead MoreJapan Is The Issue Of Heavy Alcohol Consumption927 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation more aware of the dangers of heavy drin king and has also found ways to stop the Japanese population from over drinking before it becomes too serious. By the World Health Organization bringing awareness to effects of drinking, the Japanese government has also started to set up preventative methods to stop heavy or binge drinking. The government has set up a written national policy and a national action plan, to stop hardcore drinking, underage drinking, automobile accidents, and treat thoseRead MoreThe Cloud Of Cloud Computing Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagesplatforms to develop, create and deploy other applications. PaaS offers a platform where software developers, for example, can create computer apps, without necessarily buying the platforms themselves. The users pay on demand for the virtual computer system and platforms to execute their functions, after which they can release the service for other users. Third, the facility of software as a service (SaaS) entails the cloud service providers having a wide range of suitable software or applications, whichRead MoreElection System1609 Words   |  7 Pagesgovern the Studentâ⠂¬â„¢s Supreme Council. The election system must be sufficiently robust to withstand a variety of fraudulent behaviors and must be sufficiently transparent and comprehensible that voters and candidates can accept the results of an election. Unsurprisingly, history is littered with examples of elections having problems while ballot-based election is used. A â€Å"ballot-based voting system† is a paper-based voting systems originated as a system where votes are casted and counted manually andRead MoreThe Steps Listed Describe The Procedures I Will956 Words   |  4 Pagesthe procedures I will use to implement book clubs: 1. Introduction – Setting a purpose I will explain to students that our objective in book club for 7th will be accountability. To illustrate, I will ask students about their literature circle experiences. Unlike literature circles (which many students participated in during grades 3-5), no roles will be assigned but everyone is responsible for the reciprocal reading strategies. These strategies will be on an anchor chart to be displayed throughout

The Problem Of Evil, The Fine Tuning Argument And The...

In this essay, I am going to argue that God exists. The three main concepts that I’m going to talk about which which are the problem of evil, the fine tuning argument and the moral argument. According to theism, God is: â€Å"that being which no greater is possible, and he is omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent.†. By having a God who only desires good, and us living in a world where evil exists, it is logically impossible and that is what created the problem of evil. There are two sides of the problem of evil which are the logical and evidential argument. The logical side states that: â€Å"An omnipotent God would be able to prevent or eliminate all the evil and suffering in this world. An omniscient God would know about all the evil and suffering in this world and would know how to prevent it or eliminate it. An omnibenevolent God would want to prevent or eliminate all the evil and suffering in this world. Evil and suffering exists in this world, therefore, there is no God.† As long as evil and suffering exists in this world, God cannot exist. More importantly, it does not only contradict with the idea of God being â€Å"all-good†, but also him being â€Å"all-knowing† and â€Å"all-powerful† as well. Because, if God only desires good, how evil was formed unless God was evil in someway. If not, then if God has all knowledge, he should know evil exists. Even more, if God is â€Å"all-power†, he should be able to the evil and suffering in the that he created. So, the existence of evil contradictsShow MoreRelatedThe Basic Structure And Systems Of The Universe1298 Words   |  6 Pagesto exist. In other terms, and how this argument received its name, everything from physical constants in physics to the balance of energy has been fine-tuned to permit life. 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(Craig pg. 3-26) The first of these five proofs, that God makes sense of the originsRead More The Problem of Evil Essay2226 Words   |  9 PagesChristian theology. The problem of evil simultaneously perplexes the world’s greatest minds and yet remains palpably close to the hearts of the most common people. If God is good, then why is there evil? The following essay describes the problem of evil in relation to God, examines Christian responses to the problem, and concludes the existence of God and the existence of evil are fully compatible. Body â€Å"The problem of evil is often divided between the logical and evidential problems.† At the heartRead MoreThe Theory Of God s Death2259 Words   |  10 Pagesirrational because the existence of religious faith’s object, God, cannot be scientifically, rationally, demonstrated. 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Thematic Essay Free Essays

Thematic Essay By Astrella Dacosta The world is filled with many different belief systems. All belief systems are different and influence their followers and the society differently. Judaism and Hinduism are belief systems that are great examples of this. We will write a custom essay sample on Thematic Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Judaism was developed in a land called Cannan, which is presently Israel. They worship in temples called synagogues. Most people credit Abraham to be the founder with creating Judaism, because he made a covenant with God. Some people credit Moses to be the founder of Judaism because he helped the Jews leave Egypt, and got the 10 Commandments from God at Mt. Sinai. The 10 Commandments are one of the teachings of Judaism. It gives followers laws to live by. Jews also believed in Monotheism. Monotheism is believing in one god. Jews believed that there was a single god that created the universe and that God also had an individual and personal relationship with every Jew. Judaism had influence on the people and society who followed the religion. A current influence Judaism had on its’ followers is the conflict in the Middle East. Many different religions claim Jerusalem to be their homeland, so they have been fighting for control of the city for years. Hinduism was developed in India and was a result of cultural diffusion between Aryan invaders and Native Indians. Hinduism followers want to achieve â€Å"moksha† which is their goal in life. It means to be freed from â€Å"samsara† which is the cycle of being reincarnated. To achieve moksha you must become one with Brahma. Hindus also believe that reincarnation is influenced by â€Å"karma† and â€Å"dharma. † Karma is the good deeds a person does in their lifetime. Dharma is the role or job that a person has in their current lifetime. Hinduism also had a lot of influences on the followers. An influence that is still going on is from that social caste of India that originated from Hinduism is still strongly believed in. The caste system was a class structure that seems harsh to the lowest class. Even though the caste system has been outlawed, many people still heavily believe in it and live by it today. There are many diverse religions around the world. All religions have some sort of influence on their followers based off of how they practice it. Some belief systems are very similar, but still there are differences. Those differences also influence the followers of that religion differently. How to cite Thematic Essay, Essay examples

Manatees Essay Example For Students

Manatees Essay Quietly, but swiftly, the plump, dark animal glided across the waterwhile making sounds comparable to that of the squeaks and squeals of a whale(Florida Manatee 1). Some would say these aquatic mammals are the ugliestthing below the surface, others would say that these animals are beautiful andresemble portly mermaids, but no matter what anybody says about the manatees,they are unique creatures (Ray and Ciampi 315). They are mammals that arecompletely harmless, they feed mostly on sea grass and sometimes smallunderwater creatures like shrimp (Berrill 212). It is a shame for thesecreatures to be on the endangered species list. Looking at the physical aspect, these animals are incredibly uncommon,and like no other creature on earth. These majestic beasts can float across thewater amazingly fast for its size (Florida Manatee 1). They can weigh up to aton, and get as long as fifteen feet. They are almost devoid of hair, except forsome whiskers on their face, and they have internal ears on the sides of theirhead. Their nostrils are closed by valves, so they can accomplish such feats asflips and quick turns without losing any air. Manatees have no hind legs, butinstead one big, flat, spatula-like tail (Sentman 327). This feature made peopleconfuse manatees with mermaids for nearly four centuries (OShea 66). Many biologists say that manatees possibly originated or evolved fromungulates such as elephants and cows because of the way that they are built, andcertain features that they have in common. Like elephants, manatees have thepeculiar half-moon shaped fingernails, and thick, wrinkled skin. Manatees alsoshares some traits with cows. The way the manatees spend all day lazily grazingon the ocean floor is incredibly similar to the behavior of cows at a pasture(Breeden 58). Manatees eat an outrageous amount of food, they consume approximatelyten percent of their body weight daily. The large quantities that the manateeseat is another one of its unique qualities (Florida Manatee 1). People use themanatees as natural underwater lawn mowers, setting them free in lakes thathave too much sea grass or plants. The manatees consequently eat up thevegetation, which frees up space to allow other wildlife to inhabit the lake. Manatees are also used to clear up canals and irrigation rivers that are cloggedwith an extreme amount of aquatic plants (Manatee Facts 1). The large diet canalso be a disadvantage. With the amount of vegetation in manatee habitatsdecreasing tremendously, the manatees are in danger of starving to extinction. The underwater plants do not survive because of mans harmful deeds such aspollution, erosion caused by deforestation, and draining wetlands for thebuilding of coastal homes. Since the 1970s, in Tampa Bay alone, eighty percentof sea-grass beds have vanished due to these causes (OShea 68). Manatees can also be silly and clumsy at times, they have very badeyesight and do not have the attribute of sonar or echo location that someunderwater mammals have. This causes them to occasionally bump into largeunderwater rocks and other submerged objects. The poor navigational abilities ofthe manatee is an obvious disadvantage. A fast oncoming boat may not be seen bya manatee until it is too late (Manatee Facts 1). Manatees are mainly solitary animals, they graze alone and do not travelin groups. Although sometimes, manatees may be seen in temporary groups in whichthey will socialize, and leave at anytime. They communicate mostly using faintwhistles and squeaks, but some biologists speculate that they use scent marks tomark their location like some land mammals. Newborn manatees will also stay withtheir mother for at least a year, and will recognize her for the rest of itslife. If needed, nursing females will adopt a manatee calf that is not its own(OShea 70). This type of social behavior shows that manatees are extremelypeaceful, and very friendly. The Jataka EssayNot considering humans, manatees have almost no natural predators, butsometimes manatees may be killed by what they eat. Manatees consume a wide rangeof aquatic plants, including algae, which may contain brevetoxin. Brevetoxin isa bacteria that kills many aquatic animals including fish, and apparentlymanatees. Brevetoxin is usually found in a type of reddish-brown algae calledthe red tide. Last July, the bacteria alone killed 304 manatees creating a newofficial record for most manatees killed in a year (Toxin Killed Manatees A18). Aside from Brevetoxin, the manatees only natural predator is its unawareness,they sometimes drift too far north, and get killed by the cold sea water. Thisis a problem that whales and other large sea mammals also have to face. (OShea68)Having been studied seriously only since the mid 1900s, manatees are afairly new creature in the science community. This is probably because thatmanatees are very timid creatures which makes them hard to analyze. Still, notmuch is known about the manatees to this present day. We do not know basicfundamental facts such as where they go in the warmer climates, exactly how longthey live, and most importantly, precisely how many manatees are in existencetoday (Breeden 58). The lack of knowledge does not mean that steps are not beingtaken to study these animals. Recently, researchers attached satellitetransmitters to the manatee so that scientists can study their movement, andspeed. They have learned many new things from this study, such as that they cantra vel up to fifty kilometers a day, and go back to a designated location everyseason. Further developments in manatee research will help in preventing theaccidental death of many of these animals. The research that scientists havelearned from the transmitters will help in regulating boat speeds in certainareas to avoid the propeller deaths of many manatees, thus decreasing the deathtoll. The research will also designate specialized places to guard manatees,these areas will be watched very carefully by the US Fish and Wildlife Service(OShea 71). Scientists have no clue as to the manatee population before thecommercialized hunting of the 1900s, therefore, people do not know how large animpact man has made on the manatees. Even without the statistics, or the exactnumbers of manatees killed by humans in the past, we still know that man hascaused most of these deaths (Breeden 58). Whether it be by hunting, oraccidental incidents, man is the manatees worst enemy. To the average person,manatees may not seem important but they are essential to many living things,including humans. Manatees have ch Category: Social Issues